TMD/TMJ

The term "TMJ" stands for Temporomandibular Joint. We all have two TMJs - one on each side of our head in front of our ears. The joint consists of two bones, the mandible (jawbone) and the temporal bone (located at the side of the skull). These bones are attached to each other by ligaments and are surrounded by small muscles that play a vital role in controlling movements and positioning of the jaw. A small, fibrous pad (also known as a disc) acts as a friction absorber, preventing the bones from rubbing on each other. The disc also insures a smooth functioning joint. The neck and shoulder muscles can indirectly affect the jaw area and/or become tense and painful as a result of TMD.

The TM joints allow the jaw to open and close, move side-to-side, forward and backward. Unlike other joints of the body, the TMD joints move in unison. When one or both aren't functioning properly, the condition is referred to as "dysfunction" or displacement of the disc.

More than 10 million Americans suffer from mild to severe symptoms. TMD can be difficult to diagnose and treat because the problem often crosses over into several different specialties in medicine and dentistry. People who suffer from this disorder have typically visited many different health care professionals all of whom may have a piece of the puzzle. TMD often is mis-diagnosed as migraine headaches or some other condition.

The causes of TMD include, but are not limited to: trauma or injury to the head, jaw or neck, whiplash injuries, arthritis of the TM joint, an uneven bite, poor posture, slipping or tearing of the joint's cushioning pad or disc, chronic stress from a job, family or personal factors, poor nutrition.

Fortunately, in most cases TMD can be managed without surgery. The important thing is to see a dentist like Dr. Marc Segal, who is trained and qualified - and has the technology - to diagnose and treat TMJ.